What AHA and BHA Exfoliants Do
AHA exfoliants like glycolic acid and lactic acid dissolve bonds between dead skin cells on the surface, while BHA exfoliants such as salicylic acid penetrate pores to clear oil and debris. Both classes can improve texture, fine lines, and breakouts when used correctly. The American Academy of Dermatology notes that chemical exfoliation can help with acne, uneven tone, and rough patches when matched to skin type.
Concentrations and pH determine how deeply each acid works. Over-the-counter AHA products often use 5 to 10 percent glycolic or lactic acid, while BHA products typically contain 0.5 to 2 percent salicylic acid. The FDA regulates these as cosmetics or drugs depending on claims and concentrations, and the Environmental Working Group provides ingredient safety profiles for many formulations.
Top Rated AHA BHA Exfoliants by Skin Type
For oily and acne-prone skin, Paula's Choice Skin Perfecting 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant is a widely cited option with 2 percent salicylic acid. CeraVe SA Smoothing Cream combines salicylic acid with ceramides and niacinamide to support the barrier. The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution offers a budget AHA option at 7 percent glycolic acid for texture and dullness.
For dry or sensitive skin, Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Framboos Glycolic Night Serum uses a blend of acids at lower percentages to reduce irritation. The Inkey List Lactic Acid 10% + HA provides gentle surface exfoliation with added hydration. The American Society for Dermatologic Surgery states that choosing the right acid and concentration reduces the risk of redness and peeling.
How to Choose the Right Exfoliant
Start with a lower concentration and use it once or twice a week, increasing frequency only if your skin tolerates it. Patch test new products and avoid combining strong AHA and BHA treatments on the same day to prevent barrier damage. The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends daily sunscreen when using chemical exfoliants because acids can increase sun sensitivity.
Comparing Brands, Prices, and Availability
Paula's Choice 2% BHA Liquid Exfoliant typically retails around 21 to 23 dollars for 118 milliliters and is sold directly and at major retailers. CeraVe SA Smoothing Cream is widely available at pharmacies and often priced under 20 dollars for 340 grams. The Ordinary Glycolic Acid 7% Toning Solution is sold for about 10 to 12 dollars and distributed through Deciem and authorized retailers.
Drunk Elephant T.L.C. Framboos Glycolic Night Serum is sold for roughly 78 dollars for 50 milliliters at department stores and the brand's website. The Inkey List Lactic Acid 10% + HA is typically priced around 8 to 10 dollars and available through retailers and the brand's site. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration provides guidance on cosmetic labeling and safety for these types of products.